Antrafenine is believed to be associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. Two unique cyclooxygenases have been described in...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Monday, December 26, 2011
Antipyrine
Antipyrine is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Antazoline
Antazoline binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Anisotropine Methylbromide
Quaternary ammonium compounds such as anisotropine methylbromide inhibit the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated b...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Anisindione
Like phenindione, to which it is related chemically, anisindione exercises its therapeutic action by reducing the prothrombin activity of ...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Anileridine
Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Anidulafungin
Anidulafungin is a semi-synthetic echinocandin with antifungal activity. Anidulafungin inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme present in funga...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Anastrozole
Anastrozole selectively inhibits aromatase. The principal source of circulating estrogen (primarily estradiol) is conversion of adrenally-...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Anagrelide
The mechanism by which anagrelide reduces blood platelet count is still under investigation. Studies in patients support a hypothesis of d...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amyl Nitrite
Amyl nitrite's antianginal action is thought to be the result of a reduction in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure (afterload) an...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amsacrine
Amsacrine binds to DNA through intercalation and external binding. It has a base specificity for A-T pairs. Rapidly dividing cells are two ...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amrinone
Amrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE3), resulting in increased cAMP and cGMP which leads to an increase in the calcium influx lik...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amprenavir
Amprenavir inhibits the HIV viral proteinase enzyme which prevents cleavage of the gag-pol polyprotein, resulting in noninfectious, immatu...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Ampicillin
By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last st...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is fungistatic or fungicidal depending on the concentration obtained in body fluids and the susceptibility of the fungus. T...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amphetamine
Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine ...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin binds to penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP-1A) located inside the bacterial cell well. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sen...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amodiaquine
The mechanism of plasmodicidal action of amodiaquine is not completely certain. Like other quinoline derivatives, it is thought to inhibit ...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amobarbital
Amobarbital (like all barbiturates) works by binding to the GABAA receptor at either the alpha or the beta sub unit. These are binding si...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amlodipine
Amlodipine decreases arterial smooth muscle contractility and subsequent vasoconstriction by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through ...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amlexanox
As a benzopyrano-bipyridine carboxylic acid derivative, amlexanox has anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. It inhibits chemical ...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline is metabolized to nortriptyline which inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin almost equally. Amitriptyline in...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amisulpride
Amisulpride binds selectively to dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors in the limbic system. Low doses of amisulpride preferentially block pres...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Amiodarone
The antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone may be due to at least two major actions. It prolongs the myocardial cell-action potential (phase 3...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Aminosalicylic Acid
There are two mechanisms responsible for aminosalicylic acid's bacteriostatic action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Firstly, amin...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Aminophylline
Theophylline is structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. The precise mechanism of action of theophylline is not known, however, it...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Aminophenazone
Aminophenazone is metabolized very slowly by normal newborn babies. In older infants, a higher amount of exhaled 13-CO2 is observed.
Monday, December 26, 2011
Aminolevulinic acid
According to the presumed mechanism of action, photosensitization following application of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) topical solution occu...
Monday, December 26, 2011
Aminohippurate
Aminohippurate is filtered by the renal glomeruli and secreted into the urine by the proximal tubules. By measuring the amount of drug in t...
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide reduces the production of D5-pregnenolone and blocks several other steps in steroid synthesis, including the C-11, C-18, ...
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Aminocaproic Acid
Aminocaproic acid binds reversibly to the kringle domain of plasminogen and blocks the binding of plasminogen to fibrin and its activation ...
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Amiloride
Amiloride works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys by binding to the a...
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Amikacin
Aminoglycosides like Amikacin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Amikacin inhibits protein synthe...
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Amifostine
The thiol metabolite is responsible for most of the cytoprotective and radioprotective properties of amifostine. It is readily taken up by ...
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Amdinocillin
Amdinocillin is a stong and specific antagonist of Penicillin Binding Protein-2 (PBP 2). It is active against gram negative bacteria, prev...
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Amcinonide
The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to ac...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Ambenonium
Ambenonium exerts its actions against myasthenia gravis by competitive, reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The disease myasthen...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Amantadine
The mechanism of its antiparkinsonic effect is not fully understood, but it appears to be releasing dopamine from the nerve endings of the ...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Alvimopan
Alvimopan competitively binds to mu-opioid receptor in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike methylnaltrexone (another peripherally acting mu...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Aluminum hydroxide is slowl...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Aluminium
Aluminum Acetate is an astringent. An astrignent is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topic...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Altretamine
The precise mechanism by which altretamine exerts its cytotoxic effect is unknown although it is classified as an alkylating anti-neoplasti...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Alseroxylon
The antihypertensive actions of alseroxylon are a result of its ability to deplete catecholamines from peripheral sympathetic nerve endings...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Alprostadil
Alprostadil causes vasodilation by means of a direct effect on vascular and ductus arteriosus (DA) smooth muscle, preventing or reversing t...
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Alprenolol
Alprenolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine...
Friday, September 30, 2011
Alprazolam
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects muscle relaxation, an...
Friday, September 30, 2011
Alpha-Linolenic Acid
Alpha Linolenic Acid or ALA is considered an essential fatty acid because it is required for human health, but cannot be synthesized by hu...
Friday, September 30, 2011
Alosetron
Alosetron is a potent and selective 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist. 5-HT 3 receptors are nonselective cation channels that are extensively d...
Friday, September 30, 2011
Almotriptan
Almotriptan binds with high affinity to human 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D receptors leading to cranial blood vessel constriction.
Friday, September 30, 2011
Almitrine
Almitrine enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arte...
Friday, September 30, 2011
Allylestrenol
Allylestrenol is similar in structure and function to progesterone. Progesterone shares the pharmacological actions of the progestins. Pro...
Friday, September 30, 2011
Allopurinol
Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, blocking the conversion of the oxypurines hypoxant...
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Alizapride
The anti-emetic action of Alizapride is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the centr...
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Alitretinoin
Alitretinoin binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RARa, RARb, RARg, RXRa, RXRb and RXRg). Once activ...
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Aliskiren
Renin is secreted by the kidney in response to decreases in blood volume and renal perfusion. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form the i...
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Alfuzosin
Alfuzosin is a non-subtype specific alpha(1)-adrenergic blocking agent that exhibits selectivity for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors in the l...
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Alfentanil
Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G...
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
Alfacalcidol
The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and th...
Tuesday, September 27, 2011
Alendronate
The action of Alendronate on bone tissue is based partly on its affinity for hydroxyapatite, which is part of the mineral matrix of bone. ...
Tuesday, September 27, 2011
Alclometasone
The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to ac...
Tuesday, September 27, 2011
Alcaftadine
Alcaftadine is a H1 histamine receptor antagonist and inhibitor of the release of histamine from mast cells. Decreased chemotaxis and inhi...
Tuesday, September 27, 2011
Albendazole
Albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site o...
Tuesday, September 27, 2011
Ajmaline
The class I antiarrhythmic agents interfere with the sodium channel. A class IA agent lengthens the action potential (right shift) which br...
Tuesday, September 27, 2011
Adinazolam
Adinazolam binds to peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors which interact allosterically with GABA receptors. This potentiates the effec...
Monday, September 26, 2011
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP ca...
Monday, September 26, 2011
Adenosine monophosphate
Nucleotides such as Adenosine-5'-Monophosphate affect a number of immune functions, including the reversal of malnutrition and starvat...
Monday, September 26, 2011
Adenosine
Adenosine slows conduction time through the AV node and can interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node, resulting in the restoratio...
Monday, September 26, 2011
Adenine
Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine tr...
Monday, September 26, 2011
Adefovir Dipivoxil
Adefovir dipivoxil is a prodrug of adefovir. Adefovir is an acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine monophosphate which is phosphorylated to...
Monday, September 26, 2011
Adapalene
Mechanistically, adapalene binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors (gamma and beta) and retinoid X receptors but does not bind to...
Sunday, September 25, 2011
Acitretin
The mechanism of action of acitretin is unknown, however it is believed to work by targeting specific receptors (retinoid receptors such as...
Friday, September 23, 2011
Aciclovir
Viral (HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV) thymidine kinase converts aciclovir to the aciclovir monophosphate, which is then converted to the diphosphate...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetylsalicylic acid
The analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid are due to actions by both the acetyl and the salicylate...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetyldigitoxin
Acetyldigitoxin binds to a site on the extracellular aspect of the α-subunit of the Na + /K + ATPase pump in the membranes of heart cells ...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine may protect against acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity by maintaining or restoring hepatic concentrations of glu...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetophenazine
Acetophenazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hyp...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetohydroxamic Acid
Acetohydroxamic Acid reversibly inhibits the bacterial enzyme urease. This inhibits the hydrolysis of urea and production of ammonia in uri...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetohexamide
Sulfonylureas such as acetohexamide bind to an ATP-dependent K + channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells. This inhibits a t...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetazolamide
The anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide may depend on a direct inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the CNS, which decreases carbon di...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, ...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Aceprometazine
Aceprometazine, acting as an H1-receptor antagonist can induce sedation by being able to cross the blood-brain-barrier and binding to H1-r...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acepromazine
Acepromazine acts as an antagonist (blocking agent) on different postsysnaptic receptors -on dopaminergic-receptors (subtypes D1, D2, D3 a...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofact...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acebutolol
Acebutolol is a selective β1-receptor antagonist. Activation of β1-receptors by epinephrine increases the heart rate and the blood pressur...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acarbose
Acarbose reversibly bind to pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolases. These enzymes inhibit hydrol...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Acamprosate
The mechanism of action of acamprosate in maintenance of alcohol abstinence is not completely understood. Chronic alcohol exposure is hypo...
Thursday, September 22, 2011
Abacavir
Mechanism of action Abacavir is a carbocyclic synthetic nucleoside analogue. Intracellularly, abacavir is converted by cellular enzymes t...
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