Antrafenine is believed to be associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity. Two unique cyclooxygenases have been described in...
Antipyrine
Antipyrine is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, COX-...
Antazoline
Antazoline binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief...
Anisotropine Methylbromide
Quaternary ammonium compounds such as anisotropine methylbromide inhibit the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated b...
Anisindione
Like phenindione, to which it is related chemically, anisindione exercises its therapeutic action by reducing the prothrombin activity of ...
Anileridine
Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G...
Anidulafungin
Anidulafungin is a semi-synthetic echinocandin with antifungal activity. Anidulafungin inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme present in funga...
Anastrozole
Anastrozole selectively inhibits aromatase. The principal source of circulating estrogen (primarily estradiol) is conversion of adrenally-...
Anagrelide
The mechanism by which anagrelide reduces blood platelet count is still under investigation. Studies in patients support a hypothesis of d...
Amyl Nitrite
Amyl nitrite's antianginal action is thought to be the result of a reduction in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressure (afterload) an...
Amsacrine
Amsacrine binds to DNA through intercalation and external binding. It has a base specificity for A-T pairs. Rapidly dividing cells are two ...
Amrinone
Amrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE3), resulting in increased cAMP and cGMP which leads to an increase in the calcium influx lik...
Amprenavir
Amprenavir inhibits the HIV viral proteinase enzyme which prevents cleavage of the gag-pol polyprotein, resulting in noninfectious, immatu...
Ampicillin
By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Ampicillin inhibits the third and last st...
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is fungistatic or fungicidal depending on the concentration obtained in body fluids and the susceptibility of the fungus. T...
Amphetamine
Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine ...
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin binds to penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP-1A) located inside the bacterial cell well. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sen...
Amodiaquine
The mechanism of plasmodicidal action of amodiaquine is not completely certain. Like other quinoline derivatives, it is thought to inhibit ...
Amobarbital
Amobarbital (like all barbiturates) works by binding to the GABAA receptor at either the alpha or the beta sub unit. These are binding si...
Amlodipine
Amlodipine decreases arterial smooth muscle contractility and subsequent vasoconstriction by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through ...
Amlexanox
As a benzopyrano-bipyridine carboxylic acid derivative, amlexanox has anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. It inhibits chemical ...
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline is metabolized to nortriptyline which inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin almost equally. Amitriptyline in...
Amisulpride
Amisulpride binds selectively to dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors in the limbic system. Low doses of amisulpride preferentially block pres...
Amiodarone
The antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone may be due to at least two major actions. It prolongs the myocardial cell-action potential (phase 3...
Aminosalicylic Acid
There are two mechanisms responsible for aminosalicylic acid's bacteriostatic action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Firstly, amin...
Aminophylline
Theophylline is structurally related to theobromine and caffeine. The precise mechanism of action of theophylline is not known, however, it...
Aminophenazone
Aminophenazone is metabolized very slowly by normal newborn babies. In older infants, a higher amount of exhaled 13-CO2 is observed.
Aminolevulinic acid
According to the presumed mechanism of action, photosensitization following application of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) topical solution occu...
Aminohippurate
Aminohippurate is filtered by the renal glomeruli and secreted into the urine by the proximal tubules. By measuring the amount of drug in t...
Aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide reduces the production of D5-pregnenolone and blocks several other steps in steroid synthesis, including the C-11, C-18, ...
Aminocaproic Acid
Aminocaproic acid binds reversibly to the kringle domain of plasminogen and blocks the binding of plasminogen to fibrin and its activation ...
Amiloride
Amiloride works by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys by binding to the a...
Amikacin
Aminoglycosides like Amikacin "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Amikacin inhibits protein synthe...
Amifostine
The thiol metabolite is responsible for most of the cytoprotective and radioprotective properties of amifostine. It is readily taken up by ...
Amdinocillin
Amdinocillin is a stong and specific antagonist of Penicillin Binding Protein-2 (PBP 2). It is active against gram negative bacteria, prev...
Amcinonide
The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to ac...
Ambenonium
Ambenonium exerts its actions against myasthenia gravis by competitive, reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The disease myasthen...
Amantadine
The mechanism of its antiparkinsonic effect is not fully understood, but it appears to be releasing dopamine from the nerve endings of the ...
Alvimopan
Alvimopan competitively binds to mu-opioid receptor in the gastrointestinal tract. Unlike methylnaltrexone (another peripherally acting mu...
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Aluminum hydroxide is slowl...
Aluminium
Aluminum Acetate is an astringent. An astrignent is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topic...
Altretamine
The precise mechanism by which altretamine exerts its cytotoxic effect is unknown although it is classified as an alkylating anti-neoplasti...
Alseroxylon
The antihypertensive actions of alseroxylon are a result of its ability to deplete catecholamines from peripheral sympathetic nerve endings...
Alprostadil
Alprostadil causes vasodilation by means of a direct effect on vascular and ductus arteriosus (DA) smooth muscle, preventing or reversing t...
Alprenolol
Alprenolol non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors mainly in the heart, inhibiting the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine...
Alprazolam
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects muscle relaxation, an...
Alpha-Linolenic Acid
Alpha Linolenic Acid or ALA is considered an essential fatty acid because it is required for human health, but cannot be synthesized by hu...
Alosetron
Alosetron is a potent and selective 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist. 5-HT 3 receptors are nonselective cation channels that are extensively d...
Almotriptan
Almotriptan binds with high affinity to human 5-HT 1B and 5-HT 1D receptors leading to cranial blood vessel constriction.
Almitrine
Almitrine enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arte...
Allylestrenol
Allylestrenol is similar in structure and function to progesterone. Progesterone shares the pharmacological actions of the progestins. Pro...
Allopurinol
Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, blocking the conversion of the oxypurines hypoxant...
Alizapride
The anti-emetic action of Alizapride is due to its antagonist activity at D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the centr...
Alitretinoin
Alitretinoin binds to and activates all known intracellular retinoid receptor subtypes (RARa, RARb, RARg, RXRa, RXRb and RXRg). Once activ...
Aliskiren
Renin is secreted by the kidney in response to decreases in blood volume and renal perfusion. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form the i...
Alfuzosin
Alfuzosin is a non-subtype specific alpha(1)-adrenergic blocking agent that exhibits selectivity for alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors in the l...
Alfentanil
Opiate receptors are coupled with G-protein receptors and function as both positive and negative regulators of synaptic transmission via G...
Alfacalcidol
The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and th...
Alendronate
The action of Alendronate on bone tissue is based partly on its affinity for hydroxyapatite, which is part of the mineral matrix of bone. ...
Alclometasone
The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical steroids, in general, is unclear. However, corticosteroids are thought to ac...
Alcaftadine
Alcaftadine is a H1 histamine receptor antagonist and inhibitor of the release of histamine from mast cells. Decreased chemotaxis and inhi...
Albendazole
Albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site o...
Ajmaline
The class I antiarrhythmic agents interfere with the sodium channel. A class IA agent lengthens the action potential (right shift) which br...
Adinazolam
Adinazolam binds to peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors which interact allosterically with GABA receptors. This potentiates the effec...
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids. ATP ca...
Adenosine monophosphate
Nucleotides such as Adenosine-5'-Monophosphate affect a number of immune functions, including the reversal of malnutrition and starvat...
Adenosine
Adenosine slows conduction time through the AV node and can interrupt the reentry pathways through the AV node, resulting in the restoratio...
Adenine
Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine tr...
Adefovir Dipivoxil
Adefovir dipivoxil is a prodrug of adefovir. Adefovir is an acyclic nucleotide analog of adenosine monophosphate which is phosphorylated to...
Adapalene
Mechanistically, adapalene binds to specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors (gamma and beta) and retinoid X receptors but does not bind to...
Acitretin
The mechanism of action of acitretin is unknown, however it is believed to work by targeting specific receptors (retinoid receptors such as...
Aciclovir
Viral (HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV) thymidine kinase converts aciclovir to the aciclovir monophosphate, which is then converted to the diphosphate...
Acetylsalicylic acid
The analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid are due to actions by both the acetyl and the salicylate...
Acetyldigitoxin
Acetyldigitoxin binds to a site on the extracellular aspect of the α-subunit of the Na + /K + ATPase pump in the membranes of heart cells ...
Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine may protect against acetaminophen overdose-induced hepatotoxicity by maintaining or restoring hepatic concentrations of glu...
Acetophenazine
Acetophenazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; depresses the release of hypothalamic and hyp...
Acetohydroxamic Acid
Acetohydroxamic Acid reversibly inhibits the bacterial enzyme urease. This inhibits the hydrolysis of urea and production of ammonia in uri...
Acetohexamide
Sulfonylureas such as acetohexamide bind to an ATP-dependent K + channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells. This inhibits a t...
Acetazolamide
The anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide may depend on a direct inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the CNS, which decreases carbon di...
Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is thought to act primarily in the CNS, increasing the pain threshold by inhibiting both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1, ...
Aceprometazine
Aceprometazine, acting as an H1-receptor antagonist can induce sedation by being able to cross the blood-brain-barrier and binding to H1-r...
Acepromazine
Acepromazine acts as an antagonist (blocking agent) on different postsysnaptic receptors -on dopaminergic-receptors (subtypes D1, D2, D3 a...
Acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofact...
Acebutolol
Acebutolol is a selective β1-receptor antagonist. Activation of β1-receptors by epinephrine increases the heart rate and the blood pressur...
Acarbose
Acarbose reversibly bind to pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucoside hydrolases. These enzymes inhibit hydrol...
Acamprosate
The mechanism of action of acamprosate in maintenance of alcohol abstinence is not completely understood. Chronic alcohol exposure is hypo...
Abacavir
Mechanism of action Abacavir is a carbocyclic synthetic nucleoside analogue. Intracellularly, abacavir is converted by cellular enzymes t...
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